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History An illustration from the 12th Century Hortus deliciarum can be from Alsace representation the earliest a pretzel, shown at a banquet with Queen Esther and King Ahasuerus Numerous reports are tied to the origin of pretzels and the Origin of the name. Most of them agree that they have religious and / or Christian background, and were invented by monks. According to the history of science and Technology, by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans, in 610 AD "... an Italian monk invents pretzels as a reward for children to learn their prayers. He calls the strip of baked dough, folded to the arms of the junction of the breast, "pretiola" ("little rewards are similar). "However, no source is cited to back up this information. Another source is the invention in a monastery in the south of France. The pretzel is served wrapped by a Greek bread ring, was developed in have convents for the Last Supper 1000 years. In Germany, there are stories that the invention of the pretzel bakers were desperate. Meyers 1905 suggested that the origin of pretzels a ban on the baking pagan traditions, as in the form of sun gears, at the Synod of Estinnes in 743rd The Pretzel emerged as a substitute have. The German name derived "pretzel" may also from Latin bracellus (a medieval term for "bracelet"), or bracchiola ("Little arms"). Emblem of the Baker's Guild in Germany The pretzel is baker was in use as the emblem of their guilds and earlier in southern areas at least from the 12th. Century to the present day. An illustration from the 12th Century in the Hortus deliciarum from the southwest German Alsace (now France) may contain pretzel The earliest representation of a. Within the Catholic Church were pretzels shape, as the religious significance for both ingredients. Pretzels made with a simple recipe only with flour and water could be eaten during Lent, when Christians were forbidden to eat eggs, lard and dairy products like milk and butter. As time passed, was associated with both pretzels during Lent and Easter. Pretzels were on Easter morning as eggs are hidden now hidden and associated especially with Lent, fasting and prayers before Easter. The classic pretzel three-hole shape begins to take shape. The three holes represent the Christian Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit, "and pretzels are thought to be lucky enough to bring prosperity and spiritual wholeness. [Citation needed] The wedding phrase "tying the knot" got its start as a pretzel was used to tie the knot between two prominent families. [Edit The pretzel loop] has stood for everlasting love. [Edit] pretzels in the German speaking countries Variety of Southern liquor German bread (Laugengebck) pretzel baking has taken most of the anchor, in southern Germany and the neighboring German-speaking areas, and pretzels are an integral part of German baking tradition for centuries. The custom of varieties with liquor when cooking is assumed to have an accident in the 19th Century. A baker had broken off a tray of pretzels ready for baking in a trough of liquor that was used for cleaning and disinfection Baking utensils. After baking, the pretzels still the attractive color and taste glory was discovered. Lye pretzels are popular in southern Germany, Alsace, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland, a variety of bread, as Side dish or snack and come in many local varieties. Almost every region and even city has its own way of baking them. Examples of pretzel names in different German dialects are Rezner, retzel, rezgen rezzl, retzga, retzet "bretschl" stripes, "silserli" and "slzerli. Baked for consumption on the same day are they sold in every bakery and in special booths or stands in downtown streets. They are often sliced horizontally, butter, and sold as butter or pretzels come with washers Sausage or cheese. Sesame seeds, poppy seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds or caraway seeds, bacon and cheese are other popular toppings. Some bakeries offer pretzels of various Flours such as whole wheat, rye or spelled. In Bavaria, lye accompany a main dish like sausage sausages. The same dough and baking process with lye and salt is used, to other types of "liquor pastry" (Laugengebck): Pretzel rolls, rolls, croissants and even bread (Laugenbrtchen, liquor bars, liquor croissants, Lye to make bread). But sprinkled in some parts of Bavaria, especially in Lower Bavaria, Hite unglazed pretzels with salt and cumin are still popular. Basically, with the same ingredients, lye pretzels come in a number of local varieties. Sizes are generally similar, the main differences are the thickness of the dough, the fat content and the degree of the jaws. Typical Swabian Pretzels for example, have very thin and an rms on the belly with a split and a higher fat content. The thicker part makes it easier to cut, Them for the use of sandwiches. In the pretzel arms are thicker on the left, so they do not bake, a crisp and contain very little fat. The pretzel is used for toppings Variety of sweet pastries of various kinds of dough (flaky, brittle, soft, crunchy) with a plurality (icing, nuts, seeds, cinnamon). Around Christmas, they can be soft gingerbread (ebkuchen be made) with chocolate coating. Festivals and customs around the pretzel New Year's Pretzel in a Stuttgart Bakery (Schwaben) in southern Germany and the neighboring German-speaking areas Pretzels have meanings, retained their original religious festivals and are still used in different traditions. In the few areas first January, give people together lightly sweetened yeast pretzels for happiness. This New-Years-pretzels are produced in different sizes and with a width of 50 centimeters (20), and much more. Sometimes children visit their godparents to their New Year's Pretzel fetch. 1 May love boys used to paint a pretzel on the door of the adored. On the other hand, an inverted pretzel would have been a sign of shame. Especially Catholic Areas, such as Austria, Bavaria or some parts of Swabia, who know Palm Pretzel made for the Palm Sunday celebration. Sizes can be from 30 cm to 1 meter range and they can weigh up to 2.5 lbs kg (6th). An old tradition on Palm Sunday is from 1533 to the open-air market pretzel (Brezgenmarkt) in the hunger Fountain Valley near of Heldenfingen. be made in the Rhineland region sweet pretzel) pretzels with pudding Loops (Pudding. filled Sunday Laetare Luxembourg, the fourth Sunday of Lent, there is a festival called Pretzel Sunday. Boys give their girlfriends pretzels or cake in the form pretzel. The size represents how much he loves her. In return, when a girl wants to get his attention, she will raise a decorated egg at Easter. The pretzel is habit on Sunday reversed Pretzel during leap years. This custom is still in some Parts of the Swabian Alb. On the same occasion in the Rhenish Palatinate and Hesse, parades, people wearing large pretzels mounted on colorful decorated poles. Popular during Lent will be awarded in Biberach pretzels, bake in the water just before cooking and then sprinkle with salt. Prezel from Burg, Burg typically carried out around the neck castle is famous for a 200-year-old specialty, the pretzel burger. Its texture and taste similar to biscuits or toast. A local story says, that the recipe came from a grateful treated Napoleonic troops in 1795, whose wounds were from a family bakery in the small town of Burg. The cultural significance of the pretzel to Castle is expressed by a baker memorial to the pretzel and a 18-km trail called near retzel Hiking Trail. A variety typical of the Upper Franconia NISE Pretzel. The city celebrates the mountain pastures Pretzel weeks during the carnival season, when Anis pretzels with special foods such as cooked meat with horseradish or roasts are served. In the city Lbeck, the 500 year old guild of boatmen on the canal Stecknitz call their annual meeting in Jauary Kringelhge (Pretzelfun). The elaborate affair with about 200 Participants will be celebrated as a breakfast of beer and include in the mass Lbeck cathedral and a presentation of songs by a children's choir. In older times, the children were very poor, from an orphanage, and each received a kringel (pretzels) as a reward. Therefore retzelfun the name, because this gift was a highlight. Today the kids come from schools but they still get the pretzels. Fountain in Speyer with the pretzel boy statue Osnabrck city celebrates the anniversary of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and organizes an annual Hobby horse race for the grade four children. The race to end it sweet pretzel with presents. The pretzel lye is the theme for a number of festivals in Germany. The city of Speyer is proud of the city and around retzel the second weekend in July, up from Friday to Tuesday, it holds an annual fair and festival called "Pretzel" the largest folk festival in the Upper Rhine region and attracts around 300,000 visitors. The festival includes a parade with over 100 bands, floats and participating clubs from all over Region and 22,000 pretzels are thrown among the masses. In the marketplace of Speyer, there are pretzels a fountain with a statue of a boy for sale. The pretzel stands at the Main street is permanently installed and designed specifically when the entire city was re-done for the 2000 anniversary. One-day-pretzel festivals and markets in other German cities are in Kirchhellen, a part of or in Bottrop Kornwestheim. In 2003 and 2004 EACE baked pretzels were in Munich for a UNICEF charity event and other charitable purposes in. Instead of the typical pretzel loop, they were made in the similar shape of a peace sign. The pretzel as a figure of speech Kepler's Panis "Quadragesimalis Chart. has In 1609, German astronomer Johannes Kepler that "[IF] we shall all this information together in a bundle, while the view that the sun actually moves across the Zodiac over a period of one year, as Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe believed, then it is necessary to concede that the circuits of the above three Planet through space are essential, as it were, a complex of several movements that they are actually twisted, not stacked like cord-up, with coils in a given Order, but in the image of a Lenten bread, as the following chart shows ... "(Panis quadragesimalis Lent is a pretzel or bread)." Pretzel " Beetle, model 1950 in German concept rezel liquor is also used synonymously for anything made with: a liquor stick, which would be a liquor bar, pretzel rod can be called one would a Brezelbrtchen pretzels etc. Its quite common to say in German: Today is the sun down really pretzling ("hot enough to bake pretzels"). Bayern have a number of expressions in connection with the pretzel. A Brezensoizer (Pretzel Salter), perhaps originally a baker's perspective, a person inferior work . Make Say that I not your pretzel Salter! would mean I am not your servant. Occasionally, it is thought to be an insult. Another said he got pretzeled (gebrezelt) which means he fell, for example, skiing down the mountain or fall off the bike. One can also say that I pretzeled him to one, which means I gave him a blow on the nose or face, or he pretzeled down the road at 100 kilometers per hour, that is, he's really stepped in it. On the other hand means an appearance pretzeled very elegantly dressed and combed. An electrician could say the wire pretzeled to me, which means I have hissed. In the early 1950s, the VW Beetle pretzel window Beetle was nicknamed because of his back. Because of its form, the pretzel was named a United Nations research inflatable platform olVin-Pretzel, in the treetops the rain forests is brought. Pretzels in the United States of America United States PA Philadelphia Style Soft Pretzel In the 18 Century, introduced German and Swiss German immigrants South of the pretzel to North America. The immigrants became known as the Pennsylvania Dutch and in time, many handmade pretzel bakeries populated the landscape and the widespread popularity of pretzels. Pretzels during the 1900's became very popular in other regions of the United States. Cities like Philadelphia, Chicago and New York are famous for their pretzels. The key to success was the introduction of new methods of mass production of developed countries age Manafacturing techniques availability increase of both quantitative and multiple points of distribution. It has been a Philadelphia staple food for snacking at school, work or home and the Most fast on a meal to be considered. Street vendors used to sell pretzels on street corners in wooden glazed case. The mean Philadelphia today consumes about twelve times more pretzels than the national average. Italian immigrant populations in Philadelphia played a significant role in preztels as a local Cuisine of Philadelphia was founded. Other Italian centric populations in the U.S., the popularity of the pretzel futhered decision making and long. Pennsylvania is now the center of the American pretzel production. South Eastern Pennsylvania, with its large population of German origin, is considered as the birthplace of the American pretzel pretzel Industry and many bakers are still in the area. Pennsylvania produces 80% of the nation pretzels, the annual United States pretzel industry is worth over $ 550 Million €. The average American consumes about 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) of pretzels per year. The privately run museum opened retzel in Philadelphia in 1993. In 2003 Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell declared 26th Ational Pretzel Day April recognize the importance of the pretzel to the history of the state and the economy. Pretzel Bakers of the United States of America (Historical Timeline) 1861: Sturgis' bakery in Lititz, Pennsylvania is the first commercial pretzel bakery in the United States. 1889: The Anderson Pretzel Factory founded in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Today, calls itself the world's largest pretzels, producing 65 tonnes daily. 1935: The Reading Pretzel Machinery Company introduced the first automatic pretzel twisting machine. 1963: The largest pretzel his time, weighing 40 pounds and 5 feet on the measurement baked, Joseph Nacchio of Federal Republic Baking Company. 1978: The first machine produced soft pretzel baking created at the federal level Company. 1993: The Pretzel Museum in Philadelphia opens, operated by the family Nacchio. 2003: Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell declared 26 National Pretzel Day April to recognize the importance of the pretzel to the history of the state and the economy. Places, physical or meta-Art Forms groups, or organizations to use in the United States named after Pretzels an expression in politics: Americans, the phrase "Pretzel Logic ", in relation to the political thinking in the government's measures to ensure it will be a looped without. In Dance: The pretzel dance movement back swing dance developed, which Dates to the 1920s, where the African American community, discovered the Charleston and Lindy Hop, while dancing to contemporary jazz music. Salsa dancing also accepted. In Design: The Pretzel Chair by George Nelson furniture in 1952, is one of the most important and influential figures in American design developed in the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1950s he developed an expressive range of seating pieces, several of which had long achieved classic status. In Design: Roller coaster elements. While he was a pretzel loop, the driver on the head, at the beginning and at the back and forth on the floor. The driver then returned to the normal flying position the exit of the loop. A Place: The Philadelphia Recreation Department memorialized Philadelphia style pretzel kitchen of the local baker. A plant identified earlier as Manayunk Park is on the 4300 block of Silverwood Street was the city in 2004 renamed as "Pretzel Park." The park design has wrapped like pretzels ways and includes a public Statue symbolizes a pretzel. In Music: Pretzel Logic, the name of the single is released by the pop music group from Steely Dan Pretzel Logic her album, originally released in 1974th Pretzel Nugget is a 1994 EP by the Beastie Boys, released on the label Grand Royal Records. An expression in Pop Culture: In the 1990s American TV situation comedy Seinfeld, Cosmo Kramer got a speech supporting actor role in a film by Woody Allen and he held his line with his co-stars Jerry, Elaine and George. The line was "These pretzels make me thirsty. "Finally, the phrase) as a general expression of frustration by actors. Viipurinrinkeli, a pretzel from Vyborg (Finnish: Viipuri, Russia pretzels in other countries, although not as popular as the German speakers and the Americans, the pretzel wrapped countries known in other European and other countries around the world. In the Czech Republic as the pretzel reclk known in Finland as iipurinrinkeli. The Spanish, French and Italians call it retzel, retzel or rezel, Dutch sweet varieties called for "Krakeling" Norwegian and Danish it is called a "ring", in Polish it recel in Hungarian "perecz. Pretzel sticks and pretzel varieties Party Crispy pretzels come states in the United where, in 1850, the bakery in Sturgis Lititz, Pennsylvania, was the first commercial hard pretzel bakery. Party pretzels can be shaped like sticks (about 3 millimeters (0.12 in) thick and 12 centimeters (4.7 in) long), grinding, Braids, pretzels or small letters have become a popular snack in many countries throughout the world. A thicker variety of sticks can be 1 cm (0.39 in) thick, in Pretzels are the United States are called. In contrast to the pretzels, they are here permanently if she keeps in an airtight environment. In Europe, tend to be party pretzels with salt sprinkled, but also with sesame seeds, poppy seeds or cheese. In the U.S., they come in many varieties and flavors of different coatings, such as yoghurt, chocolate, strawberry, mustard, cheese and others, and chocolate coated hard pretzels are popular around Christmas time. In the Philadelphia area, crumbled hard pretzels are a common accompaniment on ice, like a cone or refilling. Typical Gallery Speyer up on a pretzel a covered pretzels with cheese for sale in Alsace Bavarian veal sausage with pretzel bakery Signs in Ravensburg are typical Swabian pretzel lye Street vendors in Bonn in Speyer Pretzel See Wikimedia Commons: pretzels Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Cookbook: Philadelphia Pretzel portal Kringle References ^ AB http://www.bad-bad.de/restaur/kuechenkunde/brezel.htm (in German) ^ from Hartel, Anna Kate (2008). Food Bites. Springer. P. 111 ISBN 0,387,758,445th http://books.google.com/books?id=PMOrW3zkirwC&pg=PA111&dq=history+of+pretzels&lr=&ei=AUExSpzcG4aCywTz2PiKDg. ^ From Grunes, Barbara (2007). The Best Bake Sale Ever Cookbook. Chronicle Books. pp. Eightieth ISBN 0811850757th http://books.google.com/books?id=juPycXQouOgC&pg=PA80&dq=history+of+pretzels&lr=&ei=AUExSpzcG4aCywTz2PiKDg. ^ AB Silverman, Sharon Hernes (2001). Pennsylvania snacks. Stackpole Books. pp. 30th http://books.google.com/books?id=q0KyXgBhuZMC&pg=PA30&dq=history+of+pretzels&lr=&ei=AUExSpzcG4aCywTz2PiKDg. ^ ^ AB http://www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte # Chapter1 pretzel in Meyers 1905 at Zeno.org sv (German) ^ Eg OED: "[G. Bretzel, Bretzel, in OHG. brizzila = Es. bracciello Florio) made a brittle, usually as an ad. med L. bracellus a bracelet, a kind of cake or biscuit (Du Cange).] "^ ^ Catholicculture.org http://www.mstarz.de/brezel.htm http://www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte ^ ^ ^ # # http://www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte kapitel16 Chapter1 http:// www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte # Kapitel16 ^ ^ ^ http://www.meistermarken-ulmerspatz.de/downloads/bbz/Herstellung_Laugengebaeck.pdf http://www.brezel-weber.de/html/palmbrezel.html http://www.brezel-baecker . com / pretzel history ^ Heinrichs, Ann. Of Luxembourg. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2005, p. 105 ISBN 9780516236810 ^ Spicer, Dorothy Gladys. Festivals in Western Europe. New York: HW Wilson Co., 1958, pp. 106-7. ISBN 9781437520156 ^ ^ ^ AB http://www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte # kapitel13 http://www.klingenpfad.de/Brezel.htm http://www.gps-tour.info/de/touren/ detail.31536.html ^ ^ ^ http://www.rondeshagen.com/Kringelhoege2008.html http://www.osnabrueck.de/13076.asp http://verkehrsverein-speyer.de/content/view/31/ 43 / ^ ^ ^ Http: / / www.brezelfest.de/ ^ ^ ^ http://www.kornwestheimer-kultursommer.de/fotoarchiv/070922brezelfest/web/ http://www.muenchen.de/unicef http://www. seggl.de/0305.htm ^ Astronomia Nova, p. 3 CMU.edu: HC omnia si quis fasciculo uno componat simulque, CREDAT, Solem revera moveri annuo spacio per zodiacum, quod credid Ptolemus & Tycho Braheus; tunc necesse est concedes, Trium superiorum Planetarum circuitus per SPACIUM therium, sicuti sunt compositi former pluribus motibus eat revera spiral; non ut prius, Fili glomerati modo spiris juxta invicem ordinatis; sed Verius in figura panis quadragesimalis, in hunc fere modum .:"..." AB ^ The history of the pretzel ^ ^ abc The Pretzel Museum New York Times, Lead, 13 November 1988 ^ Historic Photo Archives of Philadelphia Pretzel Vendors ^ ^ Pretzel Museum National Pretzel Day 26 April Reuters ^ ^ Top Ten News Lancaster, Pa ^ Newswire National Pretzel Day 26 April ^ ^ Pretzels Snyder's History of The Anderson Pretzel Bakery pretzel ^ ^ The history of the New York Times, lead, 13, 1988 ^ ^ The Pretzel Museum National Pretzel Day November 26 ^ April 18th City Council of Philadelphia Ordinance March 2004 ^ Philly Public Art - Statue Pretzel ^ Manayunk Council Local History Park # ^ http://www.brezel-baecker.de/brezelgeschichte kapitel16 vde Baked goods with religious iconography Croissant Opatek sacramental bread Prosphora Hot Cross Bun Pretzel categories: Bread | Cake Shop | Snacks | Vegan snacks Hungarian cuisine | | German cuisine | American cuisine | American chefs | Cultural history of the United States | Cuisine of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine | Cuisine of Lancaster, Pennsylvania | German loanwordsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources | Wikipedia: Sources are missing from December 2009 About the Author
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